After World War II, U.S. armed forces returned from the war, praised for their heroism. Many women who had entered the workforce returned to their prewar positions as wives and mothers. Veterans settled into jobs or took advantage of the G.I. Bill to further their education. The 1950s began with President Harry S. Truman, a Democrat, in office. He had ended World War II by ordering the use of atomic bombs on two major cities in Japan, killing thousands of people. Although the devastation was horrible, Truman believed the use of the atomic bomb brought about Japan’s quick surrender, thereby saving American lives. However, the power wielded by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) after World War II created fear in the United States. The Soviet Union had tested its first nuclear weapon in 1949, and the possibility of a nuclear war was on Americans’ minds. [download]
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