In the twentieth century the term ‘The Chinese Revolution’ has been used to refer to three relatively distinct but overlapping ideas. One is the transformation of China from Napoleon’s ‘sleeping giant’ to a modern state, which has been the goal of various different kinds of nationalists for most of the century. The second is more narrowly the revolution that brought the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to power in 1949 after its foundation in 1921, its abortive revolution of 1927, war with Japan and two civil wars. The third is the revolution often variable in trajectory waged by the CCP in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) after 1949 to establish new social, political and economic structures. Of all China’s leaders in the twentieth century, few have played such a central role in all three of those ideas of China’s revolution as Deng Xiaoping. [download]
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