THE TERM ANCIENT GREEKS CAN REFER TO MANY CULTURES. and times in world history. The ancient Greeks include the warriors who fought in the Trojan War in the 1200s b.c.e. and whose mythical stories, retold by Homer, are considered the foundation of Western literature. They also are the sophisticated (from the Greek word sophos, which means “wise”) Athenians of what is known as Classical Greece. They gave us democracy in the 400s b.c.e. and their architecture and literature still influences modern society. And they are the Mediterranean peoples who, in the two centuries before Rome began its rule of the Western and Near Eastern world in the 140s b.c.e., made groundbreaking contributions to science and mathematics. [download]
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