Cities loom large in the history of the Netherlandic world. Through most of the last millennium, the cluster of territories along the North Sea coast from Flanders to East Friesland has been characterized by relatively high levels of urbanization and linked over time by tightlyintegrated networks of cities, large and small. Like the cities of northern Italy, at the other end of Europe’s ‘urban belt,’ the cities of the Low Countries are well known as the centers of both economic innovation and cultural effervescence. By extension, the cities of the Low Countries loom large in the history of the European urbanization and the growth of the world economy. From the early rise of the Flemish textile industry, through the commercial and financial dominance of first Antwerp, then Amsterdam, and the early industrialization of the southern cities, to the international prominence of the modern ports of Rotterdam and Antwerp and urban agglomerations like the Randstad, economic activities located within Netherlandic cities and flowing through their urban networks have played a cutting edge role in the long term growth of capitalism and successive waves of economic globalization. [download]
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